Secret key Algorithms in Cryptography.

cryptography

Cryptology is the specialty of the study of building, testing, and approving calculations that are utilized for the security and control of basic data. Cryptology is separated into two regions: cryptography concentrated on the structure and usage of the calculations and cryptanalysis concentrated on the testing and approval of the calculations. Cryptography is the craftsmanship and study of building calculations that can take data, scramble it by running it through a scientific change, and making arbitrary information known as ciphertext. The ciphertext can be gone through a decoding calculation and to get back the first data. The issue with encryption and decoding calculations is that it is extremely unlikely to demonstrate a calculation is secure. The manner in which you approve the quality of a calculation is with cryptanalysis.

Symmetric

symmetric encryption or mystery key encryption is one key crypto. You utilize one key to encode the data and a similar key to decode the data. The advantage is that it is quick yet since the two players utilize a similar key, there should be a safe channel for key trade. In symmetric encryption, the mystery key should be ensured and controlled.

Symmetric encryption algorithms are best known as shared-secret key
algorithms.

The standard key length is 80 to 256 bits.

A sender and receiver must share a secret key.

They are usually quite fast (wire speed), because these algorithms are based on simple mathematical operations.

• Examples of symmetric encryption algorithms are DES, 3DES, AES, IDEA, RC2/4/5/6, and Blowfish.

here I will explain each algorithm

DES

The most popular symmetric encryption standard. Developed by IBM. Thought to be unbreakable in the 1970s. Shared keys enable the encryption and decryption

DES converts blocks of 64-bits of clear text into ciphertext by using an encryption algorithm.

To encrypt or decrypt more than 64 bits of data, DES uses two common stream cipher modes:

• Cipher feedback (CFB), which is similar to CBC and can encrypt any number of bits, including single bits or single characters.
• Output feedback (OFB) generates keystream blocks, which are then XORed with the plaintext blocks to get the ciphertext.
• The cipher uses previous ciphertext and the secret key to generate a pseudo-random stream of bits, which only the secret key can generate.

3DES

3DES is 256 times stronger than DES.

It takes a 64-bit block of data and performs three DES operations in sequence: Encrypts, decrypts, and encrypts.

Requires additional processing time.

Can use 1, 2, or 3 different keys

3DES Operation

AES

AES Encryption stands for Advanced Encryption Standard (also known as Rijndael) and follows a symmetric encryption algorithm, i.e., the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data. AES supports block lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, and its algorithm was developed by the Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen.

The following characteristics make AES encryption extremely software and hardware friendly:

• Immune to all known attacks
• Speed and compatibility of source code on various computing platforms
• Simplicity of design

AES encryption is the gold standard of encryption. Period. You see it with messaging apps like WhatsApp, organizations dealing with highly sensitive data like NASA, tech giants like Microsoft, and numerous small businesses around the world.